Index

Contents

Series Editor’s Introduction ix

Introduction 1
Melissa Zimdars

I      Politics: Part Introduction 13

  1   The Political Function of Fake News: Disorganized Propaganda in the Era of Automated Media 19
Mark Andrejevic 
  2   Ways of Seeing … What You Want: Flexible Visuality and Image Politics in the Post-Truth Era 29
Gina Giotta 
  3   A Case against the Post-Truth Era: Revisiting Mouffe’s Critique of Consensus-Based Democracy 45
Johan Farkas 
  4   You’re Fake News: The Problem with Accusations of Falsehood 55
Whitney Phillips 

II     Journalism: Part Introduction 65
  5   Journalism and the New Information Ecosystem: Responsibilities and Challenges 71
Claire Wardle
  6   Native Advertising as Counterfeit News 87
Theodore L. Glasser, Sheng Zou, and Anita Varma
  7   The Second Amendment vs. the First: The NRA’s Constitutional Bias Perspective on Fake News 95
Dawn R. Gilpin
  8   Media Credibility before “Fake News”: Interpreting an Antiabortion Activist Undercover Video 107
Colin Doty

III    Law and Policy: Part Introduction 117
 9   Confronting the Misinformation Society: Facebook’s “Fake News” Is a Symptom of Unaccountable Monopoly Power 123
Victor Pickard
10   Fixing Fake News: Self-Regulation and Technological Solutionism 133
Stephanie Ricker Schulte
11   The Scourge of Disinformation-Assisted Hate Propaganda 145
Cherian George
12   Fake News and Open Channels of Communication 153
Paul Levinson

IV   Social Media: Part Introduction 159
13   Fake News Fingerprints 165
Dan Faltesek
14   Reddit’s Alt-Right: Toxic Masculinity, Free Speech, and /r/The_Donald 179
Adrienne Massanari
15   Fake Memetics: Popular Rhetoric and Circulation in Political Campaigns 191
Benjamin Burroughs
16   Weaponizing #fakenews in a Visual War on Journalism: Seeing a Big Picture through Instagram 201
Leslie-Jean Thornton

V    Reception: Part Introduction 219
17   Mental Shortcuts, Emotion, and Social Rewards: The Challenges of Detecting and Resisting Fake News 223
Nicholas David Bowman and Elizabeth Cohen
18   Source Credibility and Belief in Fake News: I’ll Believe You If You Agree with Me 235
Danielle Polage
19   Technology, Propaganda, and the Limits of the Human Intellect 245
Panagiotis Takis Metaxas

VI   History: Part Introduction 257
20   A Prehistory of Fake News in America 263
Kembrew McLeod
21   Beware the Theory in Conspiracy Theories 273
Benjamin Peters
22   “The Intel on This Wasn’t 100 Percent”: Fake News and Concerns over the Modern Democratic Project 283
Mark Brewin

VII  Media Hoaxes and Satire: Part Introduction 293
23   An Oral History of the Yes Men 299
Kembrew McLeod
24   An Interview with the Yes Men 307
Kembrew McLeod
25   All “Fake News” Is Not Equal 315
Sophia A. McClennen

VIII Solutions: Part Introduction 323
26   Platforms Throw Content Moderation at Every Problem 329
Tarleton Gillespie
27   Normalizing Fake News in an Age of Platforms
Paul Mihailidis
28   Teaching “Fake News” and Resisting the Privilege of Forgetting 341
Amanda Ann Klein
29   Viral “Fake News” Lists and the Limitations of Labeling and Fact-Checking 351
Melissa Zimdars

Editors 373
Contributors 375
Index 381


donated by MIT Press



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