Index

Contents:

X  Advisors

XI Preface: The New Media Reader. A User's Manual
    Noah Wardrip-Fruin and Nick Montfort

XV Acknowledgments

Perspectives on New Media: Two Introductions

3  Inventing the Medium
   Janet H. Murray 

13 New Media from Borges to HTML
   Lev Manovich 

I. The Complex, the Changing, and the Indeterminate

01|29   The Garden of Forking Paths
        Jorge Luis Borges, 1941

02|35   As We May Think
        Vannevar Bush, 1945

03|49   Computing Machinery and Intelligence
        Alan Turing, 1950

04|65   Men, Machines, and the World About
        Norbert Wiener, 1954

05|73   Man-Computer Symbiosis
        J. C. R. Licklider, 1960

06|83   'Happenings' in the New York Scene
        Allan Kaprow, 1961

07|89   The Cut Up Method of Brion Gysin
        William S. Burroughs, 1961

08|93   From Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework
        Douglas Engelbart, 1962

09|109  Sketchpad: A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System
        Ivan Sutherland, 1963

10|127  The Construction of Change
        Roy Ascott, 1964

11|133  A File Structure for The Complex, The Changing, and the Indeterminate
        Theodor H. Nelson, 1965

12|147  Six Selections by the Oulipo
        One Hundred Thousand Billion Poems
        Raymond Queneau, 1961
        Yours for the Telling
        Raymond Queneau, 1967
        Brief History of the Oulipo
        Jean Lescure, 1967
        For a Potential Analysis of Combinatory Literature
        Claude Berge, 1973
        Computer and Writer: The Centre Pompidou Experiment
        Paul Forunel, 1981
        Prose and Anticombinatorics
        Italo Calvino, 1981

II. Collective Media, Personal Media

13|193  Two Selections by Marshall McLuhan
        The Medium is the Message (from Understanding Media), 1964
        The Galaxy Reconfigured or the Plight of Mass Man in an Individualist 
        Society (from The Gutenberg Galaxy), 1969

14|211  Four Selections by Experiments in Art and Technology
        From "The Garden Party"
        Billy Klüver, 1961
        From 9 Evenings
        E.A.T., 1966
        [Press Release]
        E.A.T., 1967
        The Pavilion
        Billy Klüver, 1972

15|227  Cybernated Art
        Nam June Paik, 1966

16|231  A Research Center for Augmenting Human Intellect
        Douglas Engelbart and William English, 1968

17|247  From Software—Information Technology: Its New Meaning for Art
        Theodor H. Nelson, Nicholas Negroponte, and Les Levine, 1970

18|259  Constituents of a Theory of the Media
        Hans Magnus Enzensberger, 1970

19|277  Requiem for the Media
        Jean Baudrillard, 1972

20|289  The Technology and the Society
        Raymond Williams, 1974

21|301  From Computer Lib / Dream Machines
        Theodor H. Nelson, 1970–1974

22|339  From Theatre of the Oppressed
        Augusto Boal, 1974

23|353  From Soft Architecture Machines
        Nicholas Negroponte, 1975

24|367  From Computer Power and Human Reason
        Joseph Weizenbaum, 1976

25|377  Responsive Environments
        Myron Krueger, 1977

26|391  Personal Dynamic Media
        Alan Kay and Adele Goldberg, 1977

27|405  From A Thousand Plateaus
        Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, 1980

III. Design, Activity, and Action

28|413  From Mindstorms: Children, Computers, and Powerful Ideas
        Seymour Papert, 1980

29|433  'Put-That-There': Voice and Gesture at the Graphics Interface
        Richard A. Bolt, 1980

30|441  Proposal for a Universal Electronic Publishing System and Archive 
        (from Literary Machines)
        Theodor H. Nelson, 1981

31|463  Will There be Condominiums in Data Space?
        Bill Viola, 1982

32|471  The Endless Chain (from The Media Monopoly)
        Ben Bagdikian, 1983

33|485  Direct Manipulation: A Step Beyond Programming Languages
        Ben Shneiderman, 1983

34|499  Video Games and Computer Holding Power (from The Second Self)
        Sherry Turkle, 1984

35|515  A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Techology and Socialist-Feminism
        in the Late Twentieth Century
        Donna Haraway, 1985

36|543  The GNU Manifesto
        Richard Stallman, 1985

37|551  Using Computers: A Direction for Design 
        (from Understanding Computers and Cognition)
        Terry Winograd and Fernando Flores, 1986

38|563  Two Selections by Brenda Laurel
        The Six Elements and Causal Relations Among Them 1991
        (from Computers as Theater), 
        Star Raiders: Dramatic Interaction in a Small World, 1986

39|575  Towards a New Classification of Tele-Information Services
        J. L. Bordewijk and B. van Kaam, 1986

IV. Revolution, Resistance, and the Launch of the Web

40|587  Mythinformation
        Langdon Winner, 1986

41|599  From Plans and Situated Actions
        Lucy A. Suchman, 1987

42|613  Siren Shapes: Exploratory and Constructive Hypertexts
        Michael Joyce, 1988

43|625  The Work of Culture in the Age of Cybernetic Systems
        Bill Nichols, 1988

44|643  The Fantasy Beyond Control
        Lynn Hershman, 1990

45|649  Cardboard Computers
        Pelle Ehn and Morten Kyng, 1991

46|663  The Lessons of Lucasfilm's Habitat
        Chip Morningstar and R. Randall Farmer, 1991

47|679  Seeing and Writing (from Writing Space)
        J. David Bolter, 1991

48|691  You Say You Want a Revolution? Hypertext and the Laws of Media
        Stuart Moulthrop, 1991

49|705  The End of Books
        Robert Coover, 1992

50|711  Time Frames (from Understanding Comics)
        Scott McCloud, 1993

51|737  Surveillance and Capture: Two Models of Privacy
        Philip E. Agre, 1994

52|761  Nonlinearity and Literary Theory
        Espen Aarseth, 1994

53|781  Nomadic Power and Cultural Resistance
        Critical Art Ensemble, 1994

54|791  The World Wide Web
        Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau, Ari Loutonen, 
        Henrik Frystyk Nielsen, and Arthur Secret, 1994