Index

CONTENTS

Acknowledgments                                                         VII
Sources and Permissions                                                  IX
INTRODUCTION: MUSIC AND THE NEW AUDIO CULTURE                          XIII

PART ONE: THEORIES

I. Music and Its Others: Noise, Sound, Silence
Introduction                                                              5

1.  Jacques Attali, "Noise and Politics"                                  7
2.  Luigi Russolo, "The Art of Noises: Futurist Manifesto"               10
3.  Morton Feldman, "Sound, Noise, Varèse, Boulez"                       15
4.  Edgard Varèse, "The Liberation of Sound"                             17
5.  Henry Cowell, "The Joys of Noise"                                    22
6.  John Cage, "The Future of Music: Credo"                              25
7.  R. Murray Schafer, "The Music of the Environment"                    29
8.  Mark Slouka, "Listening for Silence: Notes on the Aural Life"        40
9.  Mary Russo and Dan Warner, "Rough Music, Futurism, and 
    Postpunk Industrial Noise Bands"                                     47
10. Simon Reynolds, "Noise"                                              55
11. "The Beauty of Noise: An Interview with Masami Akita of Merzbow"     59

II. Modes of Listening
Introduction                                                             65

12. Marshall McLuhan, "Visual and Acoustic Space"                        67
13. Hanns Eisler & Theodor Adorno, "The Politics of Hearing"             73
14. Pierre Schaeffer, "Acousmatics"                                      76
15. Francisco Lopez, "Profound Listening and Environmental Sound 
    Matter"                                                              82
16. Ola Stockfelt, "Adequate Modes of Listening"                         88
17. Brian Eno, "Ambient Music"                                           94
18. Iain Chambers, "The Aural Walk"                                      98
19. Pauline Oliveros, "Some Sound Observations"                         102
20. J.K. Randall, "Compose Yourself"                                    107

III. Music in the Age of Electronic (Re)production 
Introduction                                                            113

21. Glenn Gould, "The Prospects of Recording"                           115
22. Brian Eno, "The Studio as Compositional Tool"                       127
23. John Oswald, "Bettered by the Borrower: The Ethics of Musical 
    Debt"                                                               131
24. Chris Cutler, "Plunderphonia"                                       138
25. Kodwo Eshun, "Operating System for the Redesign of Sonic Reality"   157

PART TWO: PRACTICES

IV. THE OPEN WORK
Introduction                                                            165

26. Umberto Eco, "Poetics of the Open Work"                             167
27. John Cage, "Composition as Process: Indeterminacy"                  176
28. Christoph Cox, "Visual Sounds: On Graphic Scores"                   187
29. Earle Brown, "Transformations and Developments of a Radical 
Aesthetic"                                                              189
30. John Zorn, "Cobra and the Game Pieces"                              196
31. Anthony Braxton, "Introduction to Catalog of Works"                 201

V. Experimental Musics
Introduction                                                            207 

32. Michael Nyman, "Towards (a Definition of) Experimental Music"       209
33. John Cage, "Introduction to Themes & Variations"                    221
34. Brian Eno, "Generating and Organizing Variety in the Arts"          226
35. Cornelius Cardew, Scratch Music Draft Constitution                  234
36. David Toop, "The Generation Game: Experimental Music and Digital 
    Culture"     239

VI. Improvised Musics 
Introduction                                                            251

37. Ornette Coleman, "Change of the Century"                            253
38. Derek Bailey, "Free Improvisation"                                  255
39. Frederic Rzewski, "Little Bangs: A Nihilist Theory of Improvisation"266
40. George E. Lewis, "Improvised Music After 1950: Afrological and 
    Eurological Perspectives"                                           272

VII. Minimalisms
Introduction                                                            287

41. Susan McClary, "Rap, Minimalism and Structures of Time in Late 
    Twentieth-Century Culture"                                          289
42. Kyle Gann, "Thankless Attempts at a Definition of Minimalism"       299
43. Steve Reich, "Music as a Gradual Process"                           304
44. Wim Mertens, "Basic Concepts of Minimal Music"                      307
45. Tony Conrad, "LYssophobia: On Four Violins"                         313
46. Philip Sherburne, "Digital Discipline: Minimalism in House and 
    Techno"                                                             319

VIII. DJ Culture 
Introduction                                                            329

47. László Moholy-Nagy, "Production-Reproduction: Potentialities of the 
    Phonograph"                                                         331
48. William S. Burroughs, "The Invisible Generation"                    334
49. Christian Marclay & Yasunao Tone, "Record, CD, Analog, Digital"     341
50. Paul D. Miller, "Algorithms: Erasures and the Art of Memory"        348
51. David Toop, "Replicant: On Dub"                                     355
52. Simon Reynolds, "Post-Rock"                                         358

IX. Electronic Music and Electronica 
Introduction                                                            365

53. Jacques Barzun, "Introductory Remarks to a Program of Works 
Produced at the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center"             367
54. Karlheinz Stockhausen, "Electronic and Instrumental Music"          370
55. Karlheinz Stockhausen et al., "Stockhausen vs. the Technocrats"     381
56. Ben Neill, "Breakthrough Beats: Rhythm and the Aesthetics of 
    Contemporary Electronic Music"                                      386
57. Kim Cascone, "The Aesthetics of Failure: 'Post-Digital' Tendencies in 
    Contemporary Computer Music"                                        392

Chronology                                                              399
Glossary                                                                409
Selected Discography                                                    419
Selected Bibliography                                                   427
Index of Quotations                                                     445
Index                                                                   448