Index

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments ix
Introduction: Imagining biometric security 1
1 Biometric failure 19
2 l-Tech and the beginnings of biometrics 51
3 Criminalizing poverty: adding biometrics to welfare 69
4 Biometrics at the border 91
5 Representing biometrics 127
conclusion: Biometric failure and beyond 149
Appendix 159

Notes 165
Bibliography 171
Index 199